Whistling Vivaldi: How Stereotypes Affect Us and What We Can Do (Issues of Our Time) Paperback
Author: Claude M. Steele - ISBN: 0393339726 - Language: English - Format: PDF, EPUB
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Review
“Conveys an understanding of why race remains such a powerful factor even in a society where racial discrimination is seen as abhorrent.” (Adam Serwer - American Prospect)
“Startles, beguiles, and challenges as it exposes the myriad ways that threats to our identities exert a powerful stranglehold on our individual and collective psyche.” (Lani Guinier, Harvard University)
“An intellectual odyssey of the first order—a true tour de force.” (William G. Bowen, former president of Princeton University and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation)
“Startles, beguiles, and challenges as it exposes the myriad ways that threats to our identities exert a powerful stranglehold on our individual and collective psyche.” (Lani Guinier, Harvard University)
“An intellectual odyssey of the first order—a true tour de force.” (William G. Bowen, former president of Princeton University and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation)
About the Author
Claude Steele is the provost of Columbia University. He is the author of numerous published articles and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Education, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
DETAILS
- Series: Issues of Our Time
- Paperback: 242 pages
- Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company; Reprint edition (April 4, 2011)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 0393339726
- ISBN-13: 978-0393339727
- Product Dimensions: 8.2 x 5.5 x 0.7 inches
- Shipping Weight: 7.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
- Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #5,611 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #28 in Books > Medical Books > Psychology > Social Psychology & Interactions
- #49 in Books > Health, Fitness & Dieting > Psychology & Counseling > Social Psychology & Interactions
REVIEWS
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This book by social psychologist and Columbia University provost, Claude Steele, is a splendid example of how psychologists can make valuable contributions to society. In the book, Steele writes about the work he and his colleagues have done on a phenomenon called stereotype threat, the tendency to expect, perceive, and be influenced by negative stereotypes about one's social category, such as one's age, sex, sexual orientation, ethnicity, profession, nationality, political affiliation, mental health status, and so on.
Experiments demonstrating the impact of stereotype threat
When trying to understand certain performance gaps between groups, Steele and his colleagues did not focus on internal psychological factors.. Instead, they tried to understand the possible causal role of identity contingencies, the things you have to deal with in a situation because you have a given social identity. Over the years they carried out a series of creative experiments* in which there was a control condition in which a task was given under normal conditions life. In the experimental condition, the identity contingency was either cleverly removed or it was deliberately induced. Here are three examples of experiments to clarify how they worked.
Experiment 1: Steele and Aronson (1995)
In this experiment the researchers had African American and white college students take a very challenging standardized test. In the control condition, the test was presented as these tests are always presented - as a measure of intellectual ability. This condition contained the stereotype that African Americans would be less intelligent. In the experimental condition the test was presented in a non-evaluative way.
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